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Romanian Rhapsodies (Enescu)
The two Romanian Rhapsodies, Op. 11, for orchestra, are George Enescu's best-known compositions. They were written in 1901, and first performed together in 1903. The two rhapsodies, and particularly the first, have long held a permanent place in the repertory of every major orchestra. They employ elements of lăutărească music, vivid Romanian rhythms, and an air of spontaneity. They exhibit exotic modal coloring, with some scales having 'mobile' thirds, sixths or sevenths, creating a shifting major/minor atmosphere, one of the characteristics of Romanian lăutărească music.〔Maria Zlateva Zlateva, "(Romanian Folkloric Influences on George Enescu's Artistic and Musical Development as Exemplified by His Third Violin Sonata )", DMA thesis (Austin: The University of Texas at Austin, 2003), 17–18.〕 They also incorporate some material found in the later drafts of his ''Poème roumaine'', Op. 1.〔Maria Zlateva Zlateva, "(Romanian Folkloric Influences on George Enescu's Artistic and Musical Development as Exemplified by His Third Violin Sonata )", DMA thesis (Austin: The University of Texas at Austin, 2003), 16〕
==History==
The two Romanian Rhapsodies were composed in Paris, and premiered together in a concert at the Romanian Athenaeum in Bucharest which also included the world premiere of Enescu's First Suite for Orchestra, Op. 9 (1903). The composer conducted all three of his own works, which were preceded on the programme by Berlioz's Overture to ''Les francs-juges'' and Schumann's Symphony No. 1, both conducted by Eduard Wachmann. The concert took place on 23 February 1903〔Mircea Voicana, Clemansa Firca, Alfred Hoffman, Elena Zottoviceanu, in collaboration with Myriam Marbe, Stefan Niculescu, and Adrian Ratiu, ''George Enescu: Monografie'', 2 vols. (Bucharest: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1971), 1:277.〕 (according to the Julian calendar in use in Romania at that time; 8 March 1903 Gregorian).〔Nicolas Slonimsky, Laura Kuhn, and Dennis McIntire, "Enesco, Georges (real name, George Enescu)", ''Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'', 6 vols., edited by Nicolas Slonimsky and Laura Kuhn, 2:1020–21 (New York: Schirmer, 2001) ISBN 978-0-02-865525-3. Cited in full with permission at (Legendary Violinists ).〕 The Second Rhapsody was played first, and Enescu maintained this order of performance throughout his life.〔(alldownloadlinks )〕
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